The following table presents our revenue disaggregated by source:

Recognition principles: Revenue is recognized when a performance obligation is satisfied by the transfer of control of the contracted goods or services to our customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to receive in exchange for those goods or services.

Arrangements with multiple performance obligations: We have various advertising and subscription agreements which include both print and digital performance obligations. Revenue from sales agreements that contain multiple performance obligations are allocated to each obligation based on the relative standalone selling price. We determine standalone selling prices based on observable prices charged to customers.

Contract Assets and Liabilities: The Company’s primary source of contract liabilities is unearned revenue from subscriptions paid in advance of the service provided. The Company expects to recognize the revenue related to unsatisfied performance obligations over the next twelve months in accordance with the terms of the subscriptions and other contracts with customers. The unearned revenue balances described herein are the Company's only contract liability. Unearned revenue was $59,285,000 as of  June 28, 2020 and $21,720,000 as of September 29, 2019. Revenue recognized in the 13 and 39 weeks ended June 28, 2020 that was included in the contract liability as of September 29, 2019 was $2,653,000 and $20,512,000.

Contract asset balances relate to our Management Agreement revenue and was $1,107,000 as of  September 29, 2019 and consisted solely of the variable consideration earned under the Management Agreement. As a result of the transactions, we had no contract asset balances as of June 28, 2020. In conjunction with the execution of the Purchase Agreement, the previously recorded contract asset balance was collected on March 16, 2020. Accounts receivable, excluding allowance for doubtful accounts and contract assets, was $65,298,000 and $47,863,000 as of  June 28, 2020 and September 29, 2019, respectively. Allowance for doubtful accounts was $9,758,000 and $6,434,000 as of June 28, 2020 and September 29, 2019, respectively.

Practical expedients: Sales commissions are expensed as incurred as the associated contractual periods are one year or less. These costs are recorded within compensation. The vast majority of our contracts have original expected lengths of one year or less and revenue is earned at a rate and amount that corresponds directly with the value to the customer.

TNI Partners

In Tucson, Arizona, TNI, acting as agent for our subsidiary, Star Publishing Company (“Star Publishing”), and Citizen Publishing Company (“Citizen”), a subsidiary of Gannett Co. Inc., is responsible for printing, delivery, advertising, and subscription activities of the Arizona Daily Star as well as the related digital platforms and specialty publications. TNI collects all receipts and income and pays substantially all operating expenses incident to the partnership's operations and publication of the newspaper and other media.

Income or loss of TNI (before income taxes) is allocated equally to Star Publishing and Citizen.

Summarized results of TNI are as follows:

TNI makes weekly distributions of its earnings and for the 13 weeks ended June 28, 2020 and June 30, 2019, we received $959,000 and $731,000 in distributions, respectively. In the 39 weeks ended June 28, 2020 and June 30, 2019, we received $2,650,000 and $3,328,000 in distributions, respectively.

Madison Newspapers, Inc.

We have a 50% ownership interest in MNI, which publishes daily and Sunday newspapers, and other publications in Madison, Wisconsin, and other Wisconsin locations, and operates their related digital platforms. Net income or loss of MNI (after income taxes) is allocated equally to us and The Capital Times Company (“TCT”). MNI conducts its business under the trade name Capital Newspapers.

Summarized results of MNI are as follows:

MNI makes quarterly distributions of its earnings and in the 13 weeks ended June 28, 2020 and June 30, 2019, we received dividends of $0 and $850,000, respectively. In the 39 weeks ended June 28, 2020 and June 30, 2019, we received dividends of $1,000,000 and $2,350,000 respectively.

Changes in the carrying amount of goodwill are as follows:

Identified intangible assets consist of the following:

The Company recognized $38,780,000 of advertiser relationships, $36,060,000 of subscriber relationships, $17,130,000 of commercial print relationships and $21,680,000 of indefinite-lived masthead assets as part of the Transactions.

Annual amortization of intangible assets for the five years ending June 2021 to June 2025 is estimated to be $26,447,000, $23,578,000, $22,967,000, $21,888,000 and $17,397,000, respectively. The weighted average amortization period for those amortizable assets acquired as part of the Transactions is 9.2 years.

As of June 28, 2020, the weighted average amortization periods for amortizable intangible assets are 5.2 years for advertiser relationships, 4.7 years for customer relationships, 8.5 years for subscriber relationships. The weighted average amortization period in total for all amortizable intangible assets is 6.2 years.

The Company recognized $63,559,000 of Goodwill as part of the Transactions. The value of the acquired Goodwill is primarily related to an assembled workforce and expected synergies from combining operations. For tax purposes, the amount of Goodwill that is expected to be deductible is $28,118,000. Refer to Note 8 for more information regarding preliminary purchase accounting for the Transactions.

On March 16, 2020 in connection with the closing of the Transactions, the Company completed a comprehensive refinancing of its debt (the “2020 Refinancing”). The 2020 Refinancing consists of a 25-year term loan with BH Finance LLC (“BH Finance”), an affiliate of Berkshire, in an aggregate principal amount of $576,000,000 at a 9% annual rate (referred to herein as “Credit Agreement” and “Term Loan”). The proceeds of the Term Loan were used, along with cash on hand, to refinance the Company's $431,502,000 in existing debt as well as to fund the acquisition of the BH Media Newspaper Business assets and the stock of the Buffalo News for $140,000,000 in cash. With the closing of this deal, BH Finance became Lee's sole lender. Proceeds of the Term Loan were used to finance the Transactions and refinance all of the Company’s outstanding debt at par, including:

There was no gain or loss recognized upon extinguishment of the Indenture and the 2nd Lien Term Loan.

As a result of the 2020 Refinancing, the Indenture, First Lien Credit Agreement dated as of March 31, 2014 (the “1^st Lien Credit Facility”) and 2^nd Lien Loan Agreement were terminated, and BH Finance is the Company’s sole lender. The Credit Agreement documents the primary terms of the Term Loan. The Term Loan matures on March 16, 2045.

Debt is summarized as follows:

As part of our refinancing, we incurred approximately $417,000 in debt financing costs, which are reflected in Debt financing and administrative costs. On March 16, 2020, we recognized $9,583,000 in Debt financing and administrative costs related to previously unamortized debt issuance costs related to the extinguished debt.

Our weighted average cost of debt at June 28, 2020 is 9.0%.

For the 13-weeks ended June 28, 2020, excess cash flow totaled $36,710,000 and was used to pay debt in July 2020. This balance was recognized in Current maturities of long-term debt as of June 28, 2020. Future payments are contingent on the Company’s ability to generate future excess cash flow, as defined in the Credit Agreement.

Interest

Interest on the Term Loan bears interest at a fixed annual rate of 9.0%, payable monthly, and matures in March 2045.

Principal Payments

Voluntary payments under the Credit Agreement are not subject to call premiums and are payable at par.

Excluding the Excess Cash Flow payments described below, there are no scheduled mandatory principal payments required under the Credit Agreement. The Company is required to make mandatory pre-payments of the Term Loan as follows:

The Company may, upon notice to BH Finance, at any time or from time to time, voluntarily prepay the Term Loan in whole or in part, at par, provided that any voluntary prepayment of the Term Loan shall be accompanied by payment of all accrued interest on the amount of principal prepaid to the date of prepayment.

Covenants and Other Matters

The Credit Agreement contains certain customary representations and warranties, certain affirmative and negative covenants and certain conditions, including restrictions on incurring additional indebtedness, creating certain liens, making certain investments or acquisitions, issuing dividends, repurchasing shares of stock of the Company and certain other capital transactions. Certain existing and future direct and indirect material domestic subsidiaries of the Company are guarantors of the Company’s obligations under the Credit Agreement.

The Credit Agreement restricts us from paying dividends on our Common Stock. This restriction does not apply to dividends issued with the Company’s Equity Interests or from the proceeds of a sale of the Company’s Equity Interests. Further, the Credit Agreement restricts or limits, among other things, subject to certain exceptions, the ability of the Company and its subsidiaries to: (i) incur additional indebtedness, (ii) make certain investments, (iii) enter into mergers, acquisitions and asset sales, (iv) incur or create liens and (v) enter into transactions with certain affiliates. The Credit Agreement contains various representation and warranties by the Company and may be terminated upon the occurrence of certain events of default, including non-payment. The Credit Agreement also contains cross-default provisions tied to other agreements with BH Finance entered into by the Company and its subsidiaries in connection with the 2020 Refinancing.

Security

The Term Loan is fully and unconditionally guaranteed on a joint and several first-priority basis by the Company's material domestic subsidiaries (excluding MNI and TNI, the “Subsidiary Guarantors”), pursuant to a Guarantee and Collateral agreement dated as of March 16, 2020 (the “Guarantee and Collateral Agreement”). The Term Loan and the subsidiary guarantees are secured, subject to certain exceptions, priorities and limitations, by perfected security interests in substantially all property and assets, including certain real estate, of the Company and the Subsidiary Guarantors.

Also, the Term Loan is secured, subject to certain exceptions, priorities and limitations in the various agreements, by first-priority security interests in the capital stock of, and other equity interests owned by, the Company and the Subsidiary Guarantors (excluding the capital stock of MNI and TNI).

Liquidity

Pursuant to the terms of the Credit Agreement, our new debt does not include a revolver.

Our liquidity, consisting of cash on the balance sheet, totals $56,710,000 at June 28, 2020. This liquidity amount excludes any future cash flows. We expect all interest and principal payments due in the next twelve months will be satisfied by existing cash and our cash flows, which will allow us to maintain an adequate level of liquidity. The Warrants, as defined below, if and when exercised, would provide additional liquidity in an amount up to $25,140,000, which is not considered in the calculation of Excess Cash Flow.

There are numerous potential consequences under the Term Loan if an event of default, as defined, occurs and is not remedied. Many of those consequences are beyond our control. The occurrence of one or more events of default would give rise to the right of BH Finance to exercise their remedies under the Credit Agreement including, without limitation, the right to accelerate all outstanding debt and take actions authorized in such circumstances under applicable collateral security documents.

Our ability to operate as a going concern is dependent on our ability to remain in compliance with debt covenants and to repay, refinance or amend our debt agreements as they become due. The Credit Agreement (as defined above) has only limited affirmative covenants with which we are required to maintain compliance and there are no leverage or financial performance covenants. We are in compliance with our debt covenants at June 28, 2020.

Warrants

In connection with the 2^nd Lien Term Loan, we entered into a Warrant Agreement dated as of March 31, 2014 (the “Warrant Agreement”). Under the Warrant Agreement, certain affiliates or designees of the 2^nd Lien Lenders received on March 31, 2014 their pro rata share of warrants to purchase, in cash, an initial aggregate of 6,000,000 shares of Common Stock, subject to adjustment pursuant to anti-dilution provisions (the “Warrants”). The Warrants represent, when fully exercised, approximately 10.4% of shares of Common Stock outstanding at March 30, 2014 on a fully diluted basis. The exercise price of the Warrants is $4.19 per share.

The Warrant Agreement contains provisions requiring the Warrants to be measured at fair value and included in warrants and other liabilities in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. We re-measure the fair value of the liability each reporting period, with changes reported in other, net non-operating income (expense). The initial fair value of the Warrants was $16,930,000. See Note 12.

In connection with the issuance of the Warrants, we entered into a Registration Rights Agreement dated as of March 31, 2014 (the “Registration Rights Agreement”). The Registration Rights Agreement requires, among other matters, that we use our commercially reasonable efforts to maintain the effectiveness for certain specified periods of a shelf registration statement related to the shares of Common Stock to be issued upon exercise of the Warrants.

In connection with the Transactions, the Company entered into a lease agreement between BH Media, as Landlord, and the Company, as Tenant, providing for the leasing of 68 properties and related fixtures (including production equipment) used in the BH Media Newspaper Business (the “BH Lease”). The Lease was signed and commenced on March 16, 2020. The BH Media Lease requires the Company to pay annual rent of $8,000,000, payable in equal monthly payments, as well as all operating costs relating to the properties (including maintenance, repairs, property taxes and insurance). Rent payments will be subject to a Rent Credit (as defined in the Lease) equal to 8.00% of the net consideration for any leased real estate sold by BH Media during the term of the Lease. In connection with the BH Lease, the Company recognized $56,226,000 and $56,226,000 in ROU assets and lease liabilities, respectively, as of March 16, 2020.

Total lease expense consists of the following:

Supplemental cash flow information related to our operating leases was as follows:

As of June 28, 2020, maturities of lease liabilities were as follows:

As of the year ended September 29, 2019, minimum lease payments during the five years ending September 2024 and thereafter were $3,403,000, $2,290,000, $2,238,000, $1,637,000, $1,367,000 and $4,991,000, respectively.

Our lease contracts are discounted using the incremental borrowing rate for the Company. We determined the incremental borrowing rate based on a senior secured collateral adjusted yield curve for the Company. This yield curve reflects the estimated rate that would have been paid by the Company to borrow on a collateralized basis over a similar term in a similar economic environment. This rate was reassessed as part of the Transactions and was utilized to re-measure the assumed lease liabilities as well as the BH Lease as of March 16, 2020. We will assess this rate annually to determine whether it needs to be updated. The weighted average revolving lease terms and discount rates for all of our operating leases were as follows.

We have several noncontributory defined benefit pension plans that together cover selected employees. Benefits under the plans were generally based on salary and years of service. With the exception of defined benefit plans acquired in the Transactions, effective in 2012, substantially all benefits are frozen. Our liability and related expense for benefits under the plans are recorded over the service period of employees based upon annual actuarial calculations. Plan funding strategies are influenced by government regulations. Plan assets consist primarily of domestic and foreign corporate equity securities, government and corporate bonds, hedge fund investments and cash.

We provide retiree medical and life insurance benefits under postretirement plans at several of our operating locations. The level and adjustment of participant contributions vary depending on the specific plan. In addition, St. Louis Post-Dispatch LLC, provides postemployment disability benefits to certain employee groups prior to retirement. Our liability and related expense for benefits under the postretirement plans are recorded over the service period of active employees based upon annual actuarial calculations. We accrue postemployment disability benefits when it becomes probable that such benefits will be paid and when sufficient information exists to make reasonable estimates of the amounts to be paid.

As part of the Transactions, the Company assumed several non-contributory defined benefit pension plans that together cover selected employees. Benefits under the plans are generally based on salary and years of service. The liability and related expense for benefits under the plans are recorded over the service period of employees based upon annual actuarial calculations. Plan funding strategies are influenced by government regulations. Plan assets consist primarily of domestic corporate equity securities, government and corporate bonds, money markets and deposits with insurance companies. The amount of net pension obligations for those plans as of March 16, 2020, the initial measurement date, was $43,503,000. The total pension benefit recognized for the period between March 16, 2020 and June 28, 2020 was $642,000.

Additionally, as part of the Transactions, the Company assumed certain unfunded postemployment benefit plans which provide coverage to retirees for portions of premiums associated with medical, dental, life, and vision insurance benefits in eight collective bargaining units. The amount of premiums paid in five bargaining units are capped at specific dollar amounts per month. The amount of premiums paid in three bargaining units are uncapped. The plan groups consist of capped retirees, uncapped retirees, capped active employees, and uncapped active employees. New participants in the uncapped plans are eligible for Medicare supplemental medical insurance. The total postemployment benefit obligation recognized for these plans as of March 16, 2020, the initial measurement date, was $36,800,000. The total postemployment benefit cost recognized for the period between March 16, 2020 and June 28, 2020 was $590,000.

We use a fiscal year end measurement date for all of our pension and postretirement medical plan obligations.

The net periodic pension and postretirement cost (benefit) components for our plans are as follows:

In the 39 weeks ended June 28, 2020 we did not contribute to our pension plans.

On March 27, 2020, Congress approved the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the "CARES Act") to address the economic impact associated with the COVID-19 virus. The CARES Act allows the Company to defer pension contributions until December 31, 2020. The Company does not expect to make pension contributions for the remainder of fiscal 2020.

On March 16, 2020, the Company completed the Asset and Stock Purchase Agreement dated as of January 29, 2020 with Berkshire Hathaway Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Berkshire”) and BH Media Group, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“BHMG”) (“Purchase Agreement”).

The allocation of the purchase price is preliminary pending the finalization of the fair value of the acquired net assets and liabilities assumed, deferred income taxes, assumed income and non-income based tax liabilities and goodwill. The valuation of property and equipment, intangibles, deferred income taxes, and residual goodwill is not complete. These amounts are subject to adjustment as additional information is obtained within the measurement period (not to exceed 12 months from the acquisition date). As part of the Transactions, the Company also entered into the Credit Agreement and the BH Lease, as described above. The Company concluded that these agreements were not separate from the Transactions and evaluated these agreements for off-market terms and no such terms were identified. As such, the consideration for the acquisitions was limited to cash consideration, as shown below. The accounting for the Credit Agreement and the BH Lease are described in Notes 5 and 6.

The following table summarizes the preliminary determination of fair values of the assets and liabilities for the Transactions.

We expect to finalize our determination of fair values and liabilities by the end of fiscal year 2020.

For the 13 weeks ended June 28, 2020, the revenue and net income included in the Consolidated Income Statement related to the acquirees was $91,173,000 and $2,831,000, respectively. For the 39 weeks ended June 28, 2020, the revenue and net income in the Consolidated Income Statement related to the acquirees was $105,820,000 and $3,395,000, respectively. Acquired net income includes interest expense, net of taxes, of $2,363,000 and $2,726,000 for the 13 and 39 weeks ended June 28, 2020, respectively, which is associated with the cost of financing the acquisitions.

Pro Forma Information

The following table sets forth unaudited pro forma results of operations assuming the Transactions, along with the credit arrangements necessary to finance the Transactions, occurred on October 1, 2018, the first day of fiscal year 2019.

This pro forma financial information is based on historical results of operations, adjusted for the allocation of the purchase price and other acquisition accounting adjustments. This pro forma information is not necessarily indicative of what our results would have been had we operated the businesses since the beginning of the periods presented. The pro forma adjustments reflect the income statement effects of depreciation expense and amortization of intangibles related to the fair value adjustments of the assets acquired, acquisition-related costs, incremental interest expense related to the financing of the Transactions and 2020 Refinancing, the BH Lease entered into as part of the Transactions, the elimination of certain intercompany activity and the related tax effects of the adjustments.

The only material, nonrecurring adjustments made relate to the write-off of previously unamortized debt-issuance costs as of October 1, 2018 which resulted in the following after-tax changes to net income:

We recorded an income tax expense of $368,000 related to a loss before taxes of $359,000 for the 13 weeks ended June 28, 2020, and an income tax benefit of $92,000 related to a loss before taxes of $90,000 for the 39 weeks ended June 28, 2020. For the 13 weeks ended June 30, 2019, we recorded an income tax expense of $1,505,000 related to income before taxes of $7,677,000 and an income tax expense of $6,175,000 related to income of $20,739,000 for the 39 weeks ended June 30, 2019. The effective income tax rate for the 13 and 39 weeks ended June 28, 2020 was negative 102.5% and positive 102.2%, respectively. The effective income tax rate for the 13 and 39 weeks ended June 30, 2019 was 19.6% and 29.8%

The primary differences between these rates and the U.S. federal statutory rate of 21% are due to the effect of state taxes, non-deductible expenses, adjustments to reserves for uncertain tax positions, including any related interest, mark-to-market adjustments to value the Warrants and certain adjustments made to reflect the impact of the Transactions.

The Company anticipates that it will realize benefits under the CARES Act related to payroll taxes, including deferrals of certain employer payroll tax payments in 2020 to the end of 2021 and 2022.

We file a consolidated federal tax return, as well as combined and separate tax returns in approximately 27 state and local jurisdictions. We do not currently have any federal tax examinations in progress. California is the only state with an income tax examination currently in progress. Our income tax returns have generally been audited or closed to audit through 2012. See Note 13 for a discussion of our tax audits.

At September 29, 2019, we had approximately $63,338,000 of state net operating loss benefits. The Company consumed its federal net operating losses in the year ended September 30, 2018.

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per common share: